Introduction

Saturday, March 10, 2012

March 10, 1862. In the morning the boys went to town & brought the rest of Davis baggage over which he sent up. I returned Tina’s syrup & the rest of the rice. In the afternoon heard a whistle and Henry went to our wharf thinking Davis must have come, but saw no one, so went to town & Davis came back with him.



[Rebecca] March 10, 1862.  Henry & George go over to town in the morng. for Davis' articles - In the afternoon Davis arrives on the Gov. Milton.  Jacksonville surrendered!  The Confederate Gov have decided to abandon the defense of E. Florida.



[Winston Stephens to Octavia Stephens]

                                                                                                Volusia Mar 10, 1862

My Dear Wife

                I arrived in camp last night from Ocala & found all well but considerable excitement - The Hattie arrived from below soon after I landed & brought the inteligence that the enemy were expected every hour in Jacksonville & thought it unsafe to go so far down.  Now my Dear I cant come in several days more, but will as soon as I get every thing organized & ready for the reception of the enemy if they come up this far.  If they come up the river & stop any where about you I want you to take the mules & get back from the river.  I dont think they will stop but if they do I dont want you where they can insult you & I will write to Clark to assist you in carrying out any plan to keep out of reach.  I am nearly crazy  to think of what might happen to you - take to the woods, any thing but disgrace by the poluting touch of those scoundrels.  We are going to plant some guns on the river & scatter the Company on the bank and I think if they will give us a few days to mature our plans that we will stop them.  I think if you & your white family could get back out of their way that Burrel can carry on the farm and make his escape when they approach.

                                                                                                March 11th 1862.

                Mr Greely has just arrived & I rec'd yours & Davis letters by the Milton & now write you a few hurried lines as we are doing every thing we can here & I cant come - tell Davis I leave every thing to him & for your sakes not to leave you to come here - I think you all had better get as far back from the water as you can as I feel sure they will not go out in the Country.  I'll trust Davis & tell him to save you, Rosa, Mother & the boys & if he cant save the rest to let it rip - save all the provisions you can as they will be scarce, plant no cotton but all corn and tell Burrel to keep out of their way.  Oh how much I want to see you - good by & God bless you all - I will be careful & try to live to see you all.  Your affectionate husband

                                                                                                Winston Stephens

I feel better that Davis is with you - If the Enemy lands divide the powder among the neighbors & let them fight - if they wish.

Friday, March 9, 2012

March 9, 1862. In the afternoon Henry & Geo went to town to carry a letter to be sent to Winston & just missed a boat. Willie Stephens came over and brought a letter from Davis & dressing case of his. We heard that Jacksonville was given to the Enemy.



[Rebecca] March 9, 1862. Received a letter from Davis, with his trunk desk &c – Nearly all families leaving Jacksonville. Militia expected immediately – The enemy expected at the bar. Willie in good spirits.



[Octavia Stephens to Winston Stephens] 

                                                                                                March 9, 1862

My dear Husband

                I was very glad to receive your letter on Friday by Sergt Shedd.  I did not see him, as the boys & I had gone to Clarke’s to inquire about you, he left the letter with Mother.  I was glad to hear that you had gone to Ocala, & wish you could stay there until the enemy leaves these parts. Although I want very much to see you. My dear do be careful, dont think you must fight them anyhow, for you have so few men, what could you do against four or five thousand. I hear there are five thousand but suppose all those will not come up the river, too many though for you to manage. I think the fight near Baldwin was only a rumor, for I think the boat that carried you that news brought a letter from Davis which said they had possession of Fernandina, but we must not listen to any reports about their being at the mouth of the river &c & there was no chance of their having to leave Jacksonville for some days at least, he had only ten minutes to write but wrote considerable.

                We are prepared for the "Yankees" or rather prepared to see them, which I hope we will not do, I shall try to be brave but guess I'll be tolerably "skeered", for I tremble just talking of their coming, night before last I woke up shaking dreadfully I suppose from dreaming of them.  The negroes seem troubled about their coming, declare they'll take to the hammock. I suppose you received the letter I sent a week ago, if not the trunk for you spoke to Mr Dean about something contained in that letter about the negroes, & I am sorry you did, it would have been better to have keft it at home, for it will be made much more of than it really was, and now all is straight.

                Clarks family are all well, but Clark has the blues dreadfully so that he looks as though he had been sick, and yesterday 100 pannels of his fence was burned, and I suppose everything killed by the frost, for everything of ours was, we had ice yesterday and the day before. I suppose you received the few words sent by Mr Wall. I will not write much, for I doubt very much that you will get this, as some of the boats (the Sumpter for one) are up the Ochlawaha, two passed Friday night carrying cotton.

                Mother sends love & says we will keep a “stiff upper lip” until they come (the enemy) & then do our best. All is going on as fast as possible, but we are now where we were when we first began, as everything is killed, there is one piece of corn not yet up, if that is not killed in the ground, I went yesterday out to the new ground back of us, and you have no idea how thick the trees are on the ground.  The melons were just ready to run when killed. my vegetables at the house though covered were killed.  Perhaps Josy would like to know that Henry (his brother) is still in Welaka, or was on Friday, not knowing where to meet his company or what to do about the negroes. Gardner has made his leave, he & Miss Allen were to leave last Friday but suppose did not as the weather was very unfavorable. I limited myself to half a sheet, so as not to loose much paper if you did not get it. I shall send this to Sergt Shedd to send if her gets a chance. I have not yet received your letter sent by the boat. I shall expect you certainly on Wednesday, if you do not come before, but if you hear the enemy are coming dont come unless obliged to.  I have many more fears for you than myself.  Rosa is well and asleep.  Goodbye, God protect my dear husband is the constant prayer of your

                                                                                                Wife

Thursday, March 8, 2012

March 7, 1862.  Ice. everything killed in field, very windy most of the day.  In the afternoon, Henry, George & I went to Clark's to see if I could hear anything of Winston.  When I returned I found that Sergt Shedd had been here with a letter from him, he had gone to Ocala for teams.



[Rebecca] March 7, 1862. The coldest day we have had this season. Ice in the piazza! We hear that Winston has gone to Ocala, will not be here for many days.



March 8, 1862.  In the morning buried some provisions to keep from the enemy if they come.  In the afternoon, Henry & G went to Clark's to see if there was news from Jacksonville as we had heard two boats had passed, they were going to Ocklawaha with cotton.  After supper, buried the silver & powder.



[Rebecca] March 8, 1862. Clear and cold. Busy with preparations to leave in case of a visit from the enemy.

Tuesday, March 6, 2012

March 6, 1862. Mother rec another letter from Davis saying the enemy had possession of Fernandina. Burrel brought a bale of cotton from Mr Priest’s. Heard the Mr Dean had returned from seeing Winston but suppose he did not bring a letter for me or I would have heard. I will go tomorrow & inquire. Rain again & great deal of wind.



[Rebecca] Mar 6, 1862.  Cool and windy in the morng. – Rain in the eveg. - Receive a letter from Davis saying that the Federals have possession of Fernandina - and that they are preparing for an attack in Jacksonville - Many families leaving the place.



[Winston Stephens to Octavia Stephens]

                                                                                                Volusia  Mar 6, 1862

My Dear Wife

                I start this morning for Ocala for the purpose of procuring teams to transport the contraband property at Smyrna to some point of more security.  I will try to return here by Monday night or Tuesday & then I will come down to Welaka unless something transpires while I am absent to prevent.  You have no doubt heard the news - Fernandina has been taken, the Darlington taken, St Maryes taken, and the enemy landing on the RR and making for Baldwin, but our troops had met them & the fight was raging when the Courier left - I know their object is to cut off the transportation of this property & now if we cannot get off we are going to run it up the interior if we can & if not destroy it if we cannot keep them back.  I want you to be governed by your Mother - dont despair but bare up like a good Wife & I shall be true to you so long as life lasts - If the enemy comes when I am absent, do the best you can to save yourself, Mother, & our families, then all the provisions you can & negroes - you had better I think tell Burrel what is going on & tell him if they come for them to take to the woods & not come in until they go & tell him if they get him they will treat him worse than he was ever treated & I think you may trust him - tell him I want him to keep the others out of the way - let the work proceed until you hear of their approach & manage the best you can - Sergt Shed will bring you this & other particulars - I would like to come to you but duty takes me off -but knowing you as I do I go with a light heart so I know you will do the best you can and be content that I am doing all I can, love to Mother & boys & many kisses to my Dear Rosa & my own dear Wife, secure the powder if they come by burying or some way- good bye & God bless & protect you all.  your aff husband

                                                                                                Winston Stephens

Monday, March 5, 2012

March 3, 1862. Rain in the afternoon.



[Winston Stephens to Octavia Stephens]

                                                                                                Enterprise  Mar 4, 1862

My Dear Wife

                Your first letter was rec'd by Sergt Mizell after taking the rounds of Dunlawton, Smyrna, & this place, & yours of the 2nd inst was received by Sumpter & I was glad to see them both and find you all were well, but sorry you have had so much trouble in the first place with my fixings and in the second with the darkies - never mind I will fix up their account & settle it for them.  I will come home some time next week and hav'nt time to write you a long letter as I will start to day for Volusia & am in a hury preparing to leave.  Some of the boys are sick but I keep well & have had none of the diseases of Camp yet.  The trunk & goodies were rec'd and very acceptable & no remark made only in the praise of them - Dont fear that I shall ever despair of My Wife for she is the best I have ever seen.  I want to get home & see you & be with you as much as possible & I think I shall be about Welaka for some months, this is only supposition as we have traveled around considerable lately - Good news for the Confederate States - We have the Carolina, Cecil, & three Sailing crafts now inside of the Smyrna bar.  The Steamers are loaded with arms, powder & other things to equip about 15 thousand men, one of the sail vessels has 1,000 sacks of salt -the others I have not learned what they have - I am to keep watch at Welaka & Volusia for the enemy & if they approach I am to send an express to Smyrna &c.  I think we are yet to have trouble on this River, caused by the shipment of these goods.  If we do I will have a chance to fire my gun in defence of my Country and My Dear family & you may rest assured that one will fall when she fires.

                I am sorry burrel attempted to roll all the logs as he could have cut the tops & burned them & plowed over the logs where they were not too thick & tell him to do so if he has not finished, but that is no excuse for impudence.  I thought Rachel wanted it [the lash] before I left & she will get enough to do her a season when I get home.  Make out till I come & I'll fix things generally - love to all & write to Volusia Monday - Kiss my Dear Rosa and accept much love from your aff

                                                                                                Old Man.



March 5, 1862. Mr Wall left after breakfast & took no few lines for Winston. Henry came home in the afternoon no letter from Winston by the boat. Mother received a letter from Davis by the “Gov Milton.” Rain & wind in the morn.



[Rebecca] March 5, 1862. Still windy & cool. The sick soldier leaves after breakfast for Volusia.

Friday, March 2, 2012

March 2, 1862. In the morning wrote to Winston, just before dinner a Mr Osteen came & brought me a letter from Winston, he is now at Enterprise. Willie and Lewis spent the day here.



[Rebecca] March 2, 1862. A warm day – Sumter arrive at 3 o’clk P.M. – We get our mail at Sunset – A letter from Sister Julia – none from Jacksonville – Tivie has one from Winston at Enterprise where he will remain a week and then come to Volusia with the company.



[Octavia Stephens to Winston Stephens]

                                                                                                Mar 2, 1862

My dear Husband

                I have just laid our baby down to sleep, and now sit down to have a little chat with you.  I rather think though that I will do all the Chatting, if it can be called so, & it ought not for how much pleasanter it would be to have you here so that we could talk in earnest, this way of sending questions and answers by letter is slow business, but being able to write & read letters is a great blessing, yes letter writing was a great invention.  I dont know what I would do if I could not hear from you.  You dont know how much I want to see you, the weeks are very long, and I know I will not see you for two or three weeks at least, for Lieut Peterman said his furlough was until the tenth of March.  I heard that Lieut Gray went up the river last Monday.  The Sumpter was expected on Sunday, & I told Joe to go to the wharf & if Lieut G came to invite him over here, but Joe saw him pass the next morning on the Hattie, while he was at the store.  I suppose when you come home you will be Capt as I hear that you will most probably be elected to that office.  The night that the men passed here with Capt Hopkins body, four men stopped in the yard and got Jane to cook them some supper, & they said they wished you had come with them, that that d___n Dutch man was too smart, said they had not had any thing to eat in a long time, & seemed he did not want them to "after his eating at Mrs Hopkins."  When he came he came through the back yard & asked them, what they came here for without orders.  Those men sent to me & wanted to buy some meat, & I gave them some.  I suppose I was right, when they found I would not take pay they sent some of it back but I did not take it.  Josy or some of the men will tell you of their getting lost that night, it was very dark & Burrel wanted them to take a torch but they said oh no they knew the way, & he says he dont know where they went, but he had to come back three miles to the clear water pond to find the way then go back and find them.  I told Tom to go, but B- came & said Lt Peterman wanted him to go & he thought best, as the body was so offensive that he was afraid to trust the mules.

                Mrs Hopkins & Bella went to Jacksonville to Mrs Charles Hopkins.  Mr C- Hopkins & Henry came in a small boat from Jacksonville & arrived here in the night Monday night.  Mother & I went over to see Mrs H Wednesday morning, met Carrie there, we shook hands & she was very agreable to Mother, just as we drove off Miss Allen went in. By the way Mr Gardner will move to No 10 in two or three weeks.

                Coming from Mrs Hopkins we came by Tina's & she was thinking of sending old Charley for us, so we stopped & spent the day with her, and Lewis brought the mule home.  Just about dinner time & just as Clark got home there came up a tremendous storm.

                                                                                                Edition No. 2.

                Just as I was writing the above I heard the big gate open, & looked & saw a man coming, & went out supposing I would hear some news, and it was Mr Osteen, & he did bring me some news.  I assure you I was glad to get your few lines.  I think you are changed about enough.  I am glad there is a prospect of having you nearer, if you can only remain.  Mr Osteen took dinner with us, Josy told him to take Jacob & thought I would lend him a hand to cross him, so I sent Tom.  I suppose by this time you have received that Miserable scratch of a letter I sent by Sergt Mizzell, with the bundle of clothes.  I sent your trunk over to the store yesterday to go with the provisions.  I shall now ask Mr Smith to send it tomorrow on the Sumpter.  I send your bedding too as you have not countermanded your order.  In the left hand corner of your trunk (which you cant help seeing, you will find a box of cake, in the right hand corner back part, you'll find a kettle of lard, which I intended to fry your fish & oysters) inside of that kettle is a cup of butter, in the back part of the trunk is a box of eggs.  I found that the pies would not keep this weather.  I hope you will get all this safely, and that they will taste good.  I am sorry the Pone is burned, but it was my attempt at baking, & was in rather a hurry to get it done & cool to put in the trunk, the one I baked for you last week was too dry to be good, but I hope this is better.  I made some quite nice pies last week for you, but of course we ate them as there was no way to send them.  Speaking of the pies &c my flour is getting very low, as you said you were going to get more.  The syrup is some of Barnes' & perhaps you know as well as Tina & Burrel that his syrup is watered, generally, this is thin, but has a good deal of sugar in it.

                I will now finish what I was saying about the storm.  Well it was terriffic, the roar of the thunder & falling of the trees was awful, and doors flying open, & rain pouring from the roof, and to cap the climax, Tina went to get the bird & the wind blew so she could not & in coming back her feet slipped & she fell on one knee then over flat on her back.  Clark & I got her up & in the house & while he had to hold the door Mother & I used our best efforts to keep her from fainting, we then got her on the bed, shaking dreadfully & got off her wet clothes & covered her up with blankets &c, but she nearly fainted, Minnie frightened and crying most of the time, but by the time we got her straight the worst of the storm was over, before we were done with dinner she (Tina) was up, but with a large place on her knee & quite stiff & lame, but I feared she would not get off as well as that, as Mother said she had made up her mind she would have to stay there that night, but is well with her yet, her boys are here to-day. We had “charley” to come home the trees were so thick in the road that in going round one lot we got lost & went way out in the woods, & got on onw of Gardner’s roads & can back to the old Dean house, & took Clarks house for one else’s and was going there to ask the way home, & laughing at how the folks would laugh at us, when I remembered where I was, I then took the old road, & we got home safely. The fields are sights to behold, Burrel said tell you that if you could see you would almost be willing to declare the field has not been cleaned up.  I think it worse than before they rolled at all, it did not do much damage to the corn, he is getting them rolled up pretty fast, but there is a great deal of grumbling about the hard work, and I had some words with Jane & Rachel about things they said day before yesterday, before the boys, they have said little things before, & Henry would not say anything until now he thought it had gone or was going too far.  I thought Jane had said a good many things that Rach had said, & threatened to either send her home or have her punished if I heard any more, she said for one thing that she had rather be whipped to death than worked to death, & they or Rach said you used to have to work before you were married but you had not since, & couldn't see why you couldn't ask help to roll logs unless you were afraid you would have to feed them.  They were neither of them impudent but yesterday Jane the same as called Henry a liar.  I have not said anything more to her, the work is hard & I fear will injure Burrel for his back troubles him so much.  I will tell you more of it when you come. Oh Burrel wants to know if he must plough up the stand over patch or not he say there are but few slips there?  We had a nice season after the storm but he had to look out for the fence, our cow pen blew down too.  I expected to find our house floated away, but not quite, but we had a nice time the next day cleaning up the mixture of soot & rain. Oh all this time I have not said anything about “Pa Pa’s pet”, she is well & I hear her in the other room saying peas Ma’am to get out, she says “danMa” now for Grand Mother. I write a cross here instead of taking another piece because paper is not to be bought, so must be more carefull than ever. I hear that Simpkins is going to run against you again for the Captaincy, I think he must be your evil genius but Mr Osteen thinks no one that will come can beat you.

                Mother sends love & says she is glad to hear you are nearer home and hope we will see you soon, so do I. Rosa sends a kiss.  I send love & kisses in lots to my dear Husband, lovingly your

                                                                                                Wife

Thursday, March 1, 2012

March 1, 1862. In the afternoon Henry carried Winston’s trunk & bedding over to Welaka to be sent to him.



[Rebecca] March 1, 1862. A warm day – Sweep a little, iron a little an mend a good deal, so passes the day –